Pepper is a large family of flowering plants. The pepper group contains roughly 3,610 currently accepted species in five genera. The vast majority of peppers can be found within the two main genera: Piper (2000 species) and Peperomia (1600 species).

Members of the pepper family may be small trees, shrubs or herbs. The distribution of this group is best described as pantropical.

The most well known pepper species is Piper nigrum, which yields most peppercorns that are used as spices, including black pepper, although its relatives in the family include many other spices.